12-20 22:58:55 浏览次数:716次 栏目:高考英语词汇
◆ catch sb.doing sth;be (get) caught in sth.
◇ catch sb.doing sth.作“碰(遇)上某人正在做某事”解。例如:
The policeman caught two men fighting in the street.警察碰见两个人在街上打架。
The man was caught stealing the apples.那人偷苹果时,被当场发现。
◇ be (get) caught in sth.“遇上……而受阻”之意。例如:
I got caught in the traffic.我因交通堵塞而受阻。
I was caught in a storm on my way to school.我在去学校的路上遇到了暴雨。
◆ care about; care for; care; care to
◇ care about“关心;计较;在乎”,指由于某事重要,或因责任所在而关心计较,一般用于否定句。如: He doesn't care about his clothes.他不讲究衣着。 I don't care about going there.去不去那里,我无所谓。
◇ care for“关心;照料;喜欢;愿意”。作“关心;照料”讲,一般用于肯定句或疑问句。如: Who will care for your children when you are away﹖ 你离开期间谁照顾你的孩子? How the Party cares for us!党是多么关心我们啊! Would you care for a walk? 你愿意去散步吗? He cares more for fine new clothes than for anything else. 他喜爱漂亮的新衣胜于其他的一切。
◇ care还可作及物动词,但其后通常接从句。如: I don't care who you are.我不管你是谁。 I don't care what you say.不论你说什么,我都不在乎。
◇ care to“愿意,欲望”,后接动词原形。如: I don’t care to go there.我不愿意去那里。
◆ carry off; carry away; carry out
◇ 表示“运走”;“掠走”,用carry off或carry away均可。但两者也有不同之处:carry off可表示“夺得”某种奖赏;carry away可表示“吸引住”。如: After destroying the village, the enemy carried off/away all the cattle. 在毁掉村子之后,敌人把牲畜都掠走了。 I carried off the first prize.我获得了头等奖。 We were carried away by her songs.她的歌声令我们浑然忘我。
◇ carry out的意思是“搬出(某物)”;“履行(计划或义务等)”。如: Would you please carry out the desk into the garden﹖ 请你把桌子搬到花园里去好吗? You must carry out your duty. 你必须履行你的职责。
◆ carry out; carry on
◇ 注意两者的区别:carry out意为“执行、实行”;carry on表示“(继续)进行、进行下去”,强调坚持。如:
The group of soldiers carried out a secret military action the other day.
几天前,这群士兵执行了一次秘密的军事行动。
Comrades in Germany were carrying on a heroic fight against war under conditions of fascism at that time.
那时,在德国的同志正在法西斯的统治区进行一场英勇的反战斗争。
◆ cause; reason; excuse
◇ cause意为“起因”、“原因”,指引起某种结果的必然原因,即主要事实方面的原因,常和effect连用,表示因果关系。如:
I don’t know the cause and effect.我不知道此事的前因后果。
The cause of the fire was carelessness.失火的原因是粗心大意。
◇ reason意为“理由”、“原因”,指用以解释某些已发生的事情的理由或借口,这种理由可能是也可能不是真正的理由,强调逻辑推理方面的理由。如:
There are many reasons for animals dying out.动物的绝种有许多原因。
Tell us your reason for changing the plan.告诉我们你改变计划的原因。
◇ excuse指为免受指责和推卸责任而找的“理由”、“原因”也就是我们常说的“借口”。如:
Too much work is no excuse for absence.工作太忙不能成为缺席的理由。
I haven’t done the work well,my excuse is that I have been ill. 我没把工作做好,我的理由是我病了。
◆ cheer/greet/welcome
◇ cheer意为“欢呼”,侧重表示高声呼叫以示欢迎,强调气氛的活跃,常含鼓励之意。如:The boys cheered their football team.孩子们为他们的足球队喝彩。
◇ greet表示用语言、行动等“迎接”,常含“友好、热情、亲切”之意。如:We greeted our guests at the gate. 我们在大门口迎接客人。
◇ welcome常表示“欢迎新人、新事、新主张”等。如:We welcome the new ideas. 我们欢迎新思想。
◆ clear away, clear up, clear off ◇ clear away表示“清除掉”、“收拾掉”、“散掉”、“消散”;clear up表示“露出(喜色)”、“(天气)放晴”、“清理”、“整理”;clear off表示“走开”、“离开”。
[EXERCISES]
1) We must ____ such ideas among ourselves. 2) She ____ her desk before she moved to another school. 3) The sky looks as if it would ____ soon. 4) ____ before I call the police. 5) His face ____ when he read the letter. Key: 1) clear away2) cleared up3) clear up4) Clear off5) cleared up
◆ close;closely ◇ close, closely这两个词都可以用作副词,close表示“靠近”、“紧紧地”,closely则表示“紧密地”、“严密地”、“密切地”。如:
1) I went closer, and saw clearly a tall man in the moonlight.
2) Come close, I want to tell you something important.
3) The policeman followed the strange man closely.
4) The scientists got closely in touch with the astronauts.
◆ come up; come on; come out
◇ come up常表示位置“上升”;从水中或 土中“冒出”;芽苗等“长出”;“引起注意、被提出”等。如:
The seeds haven’t come up.种子还没发芽。
Your question came up at the meeting.你的问题在会上被提出来讨论。
◇ come on 常用来催促别人,意为“加油、加快”,也可表示“来临、袭击”。如:
I can feel a headache coming on.我觉得头痛了。
◇ come out常表秘密等“传出、被获悉”,书籍等的“出版”;“结果是”。如:
When will her new book come out﹖她的新书什么时候出版?
The answer to the math problem came out wrong. 这道数学题的结果错了。
◆ complete; finish
◇ finish是普通用语,用得比较广泛,可作及物动词或不及物动词,多用来指“完成”一项任务或活动,后面可接名词、代词或-ing,不接不定式。例如:
Have you finished your work﹖你的工作完成了吗?
He finished writing the letter last night.这封信他是昨晚完成的。
◇ complete一般用作及物动词,用法较正式,通常用来表示完成某个计划、理想、事业、工程、建筑、书籍及作品等,后面可接名词或代词,不接-ing或不定式。例如:
He’s never completed a project on time.他从未按时完成过计划。
The bridge is not completed yet.这座桥至今尚未完工。
◇ 表示完成学业、精细的工作、吃完某物及在被动结构中表示“一切都完了;没希望了”等意时,均用finish。例如:
He finished school in 1991.他1991年从学校毕业。
The wood-work is beautifully finished.这件木器做得很精细。
注意:complete a book的意思是“写完一本书”;finish a book意为“看完一本书”。
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