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英语学习指南

03-03 00:13:41  浏览次数:142次  栏目:英语学习方法

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    心灵鸡汤:

  Jessie's Glove

  I do a lot of management training each year for the Circle K Corporation, a national chain of convenience stores([美]高质高价的自助食品商店). Among the topics we address in our seminars is the retention (保持力)of quality employees -- a real challenge to managers when you consider the pay scale (薪工标准)in the service industry. During these discussions, I ask the participants, "What has caused you to stay long enough to become a manager?" Some time back a new manager took the question and slowly, with her voice almost breaking, said, "It was a $19 baseball glove."

  Cynthia told the group that she originally took a Circle K clerk job as an interim (临时的,过渡时期, 暂定)position while she looked for something better. On her second or third day behind the counter, she received a phone call from her nine-year-old son, Jessie. He needed a baseball glove for Little League. She explained that as a single mother, money was very tight, and her first check would have to go for paying bills. Perhaps she could buy his baseball glove with her second or third check.

  When Cynthia arrived for work the next morning, Patricia, the store manager, asked her to come to the small room in back of the store that served as an office. Cynthia wondered if she had done something wrong or left some part of her job incomplete from the day before. She was concerned and confused.

  Patricia handed her a box. "I overheard you talking to your son yesterday," she said, "and I know that it is hard to explain things to kids. This is a baseball glove for Jessie because he may not understand how important he is, even though you have to pay bills before you can buy gloves. You know we can't pay good people like you as much as we would like to; but we do care, and I want you to know you are important to us."

  The thoughtfulness, empathy and love of this convenience store manager demonstrates vividly that people remember more how much an employer cares than how much the employer pays. An important lesson for the price of a Little League baseball glove.( by Rick Phillips )

  背景知识:美国州名的来源

  地名志或地名研究(Toponymy)属于历史语言学范畴。历史语言学家对地名的来源作了相当的研究。美国内务部曾汇集了一批能干的语言学家,成立了专门机构,其任务是对美国的地名来源进行研究,给以准确的解释。

  在美国的地名中,一半以上始源于印第安语。其余的始源于欧洲,如纪念皇帝皇后,或某一特殊地区,还有是为纪念历史重要人物及记载历史活动的。

  由于语言和文化是休戚相关的,人们通过研究地名的始源,可以了解关于这个国家的背景。历史活动,甚至价值观。

  我们从不同的资料汇集了美国洲名的来源,供学习研究英语、美国历史与文化的人们参考。

  ALABAMA(阿拉巴马):

  来源于巧克陶印第安语,意思是 "thicket-clearers" 或者 "vegetation-gatherers","拓荒者"或者"打草人"。

  AlASKA(阿拉斯加):

  来源于阿留申语,意思是"great land"或"that which the seas breaks against","伟大的土地"或"分割海的地方"。

  ARIZONA(亚利桑那):

  来源于印第安语"Arimnac",意思是"hule spring","小泉水"。

  ARKANSAS(阿肯色):

  来源于印第安语,意思是"a breeze near the ground","靠近地面的微风"。

  CALIFORNIA(加利福尼亚):

  来源于法语"Califerne",是一部11世纪法国史诗中所想象的地方。

  COLORADO(科罗拉多):

  来源于西班牙语,意思是"ruddy"或"red","红色的"。

  CONNETICUT(康涅狄格):

  来源于印第安语,意思是"beside the long tidal river", "在长长的潮河旁"。

  DELAWARE(德拉华):

  纪念托马斯·魏斯特爵士"Sir Thomas West, Lord De La Warr",德拉华河和德拉华湾也以此命名。

  FRORIDA(佛罗里达):

  来源于西班牙语,意思是"feast flowers(Easter)","花的节日",即复活节。

  GEORGIA(乔治亚):

  纪念英国的乔治二世皇帝。In honor of George II of England.

  HAWAII(夏威夷):

  来源不确定。这个群岛可能是以其发现者夏威夷·罗亚(Hawaii Loa) 命名,也可能以传统的波利尼西亚人的家乡Hawaii or Hawaiki命名。

  IDAHO(爱达荷):

  来源于印第安语,意思是:"gem of the mountains", "山中的宝石";另一种说法的意思是"Good morning""早上好"。

  ILLINOIS(伊利诺):

  来源于印第安语加上法语后缀,意思是"tribe of superior men","贵人的土地"。

  INDIANA(印第安纳):

  来源于印第安语,意思是:"land of Indians","印第安人的土地"。

  IOWA(依阿华):

  来源于印第安语,意思是"the beatiful land","这块美丽的地方",另一种说法是"the sleepy ones","爱睡觉的人们"。

  KANSAS(堪萨斯):

  来源于苏族印第安语,意思是"people of the south wind", "南风的人们"。

  KENTUCKY(肯塔基):

  来源于易洛魁印第安语"Ken-tah-ten",意思是"land of tomorrow"or"the dark or bolldy ground","希望的土地",或"黑色的沃上"。

  LOUISIANA(路易斯安那):

  纪念法国路易十四世皇帝,"In honor of Louis XIV fo France".

  MAINE(缅因):

  纪念英国查理一世皇后海丽塔·玛丽亚,"Henrietta Maria, Queen fo Charles I of England"据说她拥有过法国的缅因省,"The province of Mayne in France"

  MARYLAND(马里兰):

  纪念英国查理一世皇后海丽塔·玛丽"In honor of Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I of England".

  MASSACHUSETTS(麻萨诸塞):

  来源于印第安语,意思是"great mountain place","伟大的山地"。

  MICHIGAN(密执安):

  来源于印第安语,意思是"great lake"or"big water","大湖"。

  MINNESOTA(明尼苏达):

  来源于达科他印第安语,意思是"sky-tinted water","天色的水域"。

  MISSISSIPPI(密西西比):

  来源于印第安语,意思?quot;father of waters","水之父"。

  MISSOURI(密苏里):

  来源于印第安语, 意思是"town of the Large canoes","大独木舟之乡"。

  MONTANA(蒙大拿):

  由J.M.阿西从拉丁词典中选的词,是拉丁化的西班牙语,意思不详。

  NEBRASKA(内布拉斯加):

  来源于澳托印第安语,意思是"flat water","平川之水"。

  NEVADA(内华达):

  来源于西班牙语,意思是"snow-capped","雪山"。

  NEW HAMPSHIRE(新罕布什尔):

  来源于英国的罕布什尔郡,"Hampshire"。

  NEW JERSEY(新泽西):

  来源于海峡的泽西岛?quot;the Channel Isle of Jersey"。

  NEW MEXICO(新墨西哥):

  来源于墨西哥,"the country of Mexico"。

  NEW YORK(纽约):

  纪念英国的约克公爵,"In honor of the English Duke of York"。

  NORTH CAROLINA(北卡罗来纳):

  纪念英国的查理一世,"In honor of Charles I of England".

  NORTH DAKOTA(北达科他):

  来源于达科他印第安语,意思是"allies"or"leagued","同盟"或"联盟"。

  OHIO(俄亥俄):

  来源于印第安语,意思是"great river","大河"。

  OKLAHOMA(俄克拉荷马):

  来源于巧克陶印第安语,意思?quot;red people","红种人"。

  OREGON(俄勒冈):

  来源不明。人们一般认为这个名字第一次在1778年由乔那森·卡佛(Jonathan Carver)使用,取自于英国军官罗伯特·罗杰斯(Robert Rogers)之书。

  PENNSYLVANIA(宾夕法尼亚):

  纪念维廉·宾爵士"Sir William Penn",意思是"penn's Woodland","宾的树林"。

  RHODE ISLAND(罗德岛):

  来源于希腊的罗德岛,"the Greek Island of Rhodes"。

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