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新目标九年级英语总复习：动词语态
动词的语态---表示谓语与主语之间的关系的动词形式叫做语态，分为主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
一、被动语态
结构：
1.行为动词的被动语态： 助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词。
be有人称。时态。数的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。
一般现在时 am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词 一般过去时 was/were +及物动词的过去分词
一般将来时 will +be +及物动词的过去分词 现在完成时 have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词
2.情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词 + be +及物动词的过去分词
否定式：是在助动词 be 或情态动词后加not构成
疑问式：是把上述助动词或情态动词提到主语之前，句尾加问号构成。
用法：
1.不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者。
eg. The window was broken yesterday.Is English taught in your school?
2.强调或突出动作的承受者，此时如想同时指出动作的执行者，可用“by +动作执行者（宾格）来表示。
eg.The red dress was made by her mother. The letter must be written by me.
注意点：
1.只有及物动词能构成被动语态， 不及物动词不能构成被动语态。
2.某些不及物动词与介词。副词搭配构成短语动词，带有宾语时，则有了动作的承受者，这时应把它们看作一个整体，变为被动语态，不能丢掉其中的介词，
常用的有look after，take care of，cut down， laugh at，talk about，turn on等 eg.Catherine always takes care of the little girl.→The little girl is always taken care of by Carherine.
3.有些动词短语本身即是被动语态的形式， 不要再加by 短语，常用的有
be covered with be surprised atbe interested in be worried aboutbe made of/from be known to
4.某些动词形式是主动语态，但含有被动的意思。
eg. This dictionary sells well.
This kind of car drives fast.The woolen sweater costs $ 88.
5.主动语态与被动语态的相互变化关系
主动句： 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语（动作执行者） （动作承受者）
被动句： 主语 +谓语动词的被动形式+ by + 动作执行者（动作承受者）
1）主动句如何变为被动句
a.找到动作的承受者（常为主动句的宾语）作被动句的主语。b.找到谓语变为be + 过去分词的结构。
c.找到动作的执行者（常为主动句的主语）作 by 的宾语。若不必指出动作的执行者，可省去 by 短语。d.确定be动词的时态。数。 例如： She makes the beautiful kites.
The beautiful kites are made by her. （被动句）
2）被动句如何变为主动句。
a.找到动作的执行者（常为被动句的宾语）作主动句的主语。
b.找到be+过去分词结构还原为及物动词原形。
c.找到动作的承受者（常为被动句的主语）作主动句的宾语。
d.确定及物动词的时态。数（注意）在以上转换中，代词作主语用主格， 代词作宾语用宾格。
6.主动语态中有些动词
如：make，see，listen， watch，feel后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态要带上to
He made the boy work for him. →The boy was made to work for him.
7.主动语态中若有双宾语，变为被动语态时， 通常把指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语。
His uncle gave him a dictionary yesterday.→He was given a dictionary by his uncle yesterday.
【练习题】
把下列句子变为被动句：
1.They asked me to come a little later. →I ___ _____ to come a little later.
2.Women often talk about food and clothes. →Food and clothes ____ often _____ about by women.
3.Do they make this kind of truck in Nanjing? → ___this kind of truck _____ in Nanjing?
4.We must clean our teeth twice a day. →Our teeth must ___ ____ twice a day.
5.Can I answer this question in simple English? →_____this question __ ______ in simple English?
6.You may clean the room after work. → The room may _____ _______ after work.
思考题：
1.We use brooms for sweeping the floor. → Brooms___ ___for sweeping the floor.
2. They built quite a few tall buildings in their hometown last year.
→ Quite a few tall buildings ___ _____ in their hometown last year.
3. You must not put the bike there. → The bike ___ ____ _____there.
4. Can you see the stars in the daytime? → Can the stars _____ __in the daytime?
tag: 九年级英语 初三英语语法，九年级英语语法,初中英语学习方法，初中学习 - 初三学习 - 初三英语 - 初三英语语法
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