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初中十大词类复习全攻略之动词

12-20 22:59:14  浏览次数:593次  栏目:初三英语语法

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   动词(verb.)动词表示主语的动作或状态

  (一)动词的种类。

  (1)及物动词vt,其后接宾语。 

  eg.She wears a uniform.

  (2)不及物动词vi,不接宾语。

  eg :She can dance.

  (3)连系动词like-v.接表语。

  eg.They are nurses.

  That sounds interesting.

  His mother looks young.

  If you keep milk for too long, it goes bad.

  (4)助动词aux--V.接动词原形或分词(它无实在意思,只起语法作用)。

  eg, DO you like pandas?

  He has gone to Australia.

  She is looking at the cat.

  (5)情态动词mod-v.接动词原形(它不能单独作谓语,有自己的意思,无人称和数的变化)。

  Eg. He must go now.

  You should clean the classroom after class.

  (6)有些动词既可作及物动词,也可作助动词或不及物动词,be也可作助动词。

  eg.I do my homework after class.(Vt.)

  Do as you like.(Vi.)

  She is a little bit quiet.(mod-v.)

  She is swimming now.(aux-v.)

  二)情态动词的用法

  (一)can,could,may的用法

  l .can/could

  (1)表示具有某种能力,意为“能,能够,会”(could表过去)。

  eg.I can sing English songs.

  Lisa can’t speak Japanese.

  She could swim when she was four years old.

  (2)表示许:可、允许,意为“可以”。

  eg.Can we watch TV now?

  You can’t play computer games in the morning.

  (3)表示请求某人做某事,意为“能,能够”(用could使晤气更委婉)。

  eg.Can/Could you help me,please?

  (4)表示推测“可能”,多用于否定句和疑问句中。(表肯定推测可用must,might,could等)

  cg。it can’t be true.这不可能是真的。

  Where can he have gone?他可能会去哪儿呢?

  2.may/might

  (1)表示许可、允许,意为“可以”,比can更正式。

  eg. May l use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗?

  May l ask you a question?我可以问你—个问题吗?

  (2)表示推测“可能”,用于肯定句和否定句,不能用于疑问句。

  eg.He may be at home now.他可能现在在家。

  She may not be there today.今天她可能不在那儿。

  (二)can与be able to的区别

  1.两者都可以用来表示能力。

  eg.I can/am able to mend the bike.

  2.can只有现在时(Can)和过去时(could),而be able to可用于多种时态。

  eg. I will be able to come back in another few months.

  He hasn’t been able to get there before dark.

  3.can可以表示推测,但be able to不能。

  eg.That Can't be Gina's dictionary.

  4.can与be able to;不能重复使用

  eg.他能做好这件事。

  He can be able to do is well.(X)

  He can do it well.(√)

  He is able to do it well.(√)

  (三)must与have to的区别

  1.主客观方面不同。

  must表“义务”或“强制”,表示主观的必要;在肯定句中must还可表推测,语气要比may肯定多。have to表“必须”或“不得不”,表示客观的必要。

  eg.We must clean the room.(表示我们认为房间太脏了。)

  We have to clean the room.(表示没有人替我们打扫房间等客观原因。)

  He must beat home before supper。(他晚饭前一定在家。)

  2.人称和时态不同。

  must无人称和时态的变化,一律用must十动词原形。have to后接动词原形,有人称、数和时态的变化,一般现在时的第三人称单数要用has to,过去时中要用had to,将来时中要用will have to。另外,have to还可与,情态动词和助动词连用。

  eg: Tom must practice his guitar every day.

  The train has left.We'll have to wait for the next train.

  3.否定式及意义不同。

  must not=mustn't“决不可/千万不可/务必不要”; don’t/doesn’t/didn’t/won’t+have to“不必”

  eg.We mustn’t tell jokes on him.我们千万不可与他开玩笑。

  We don’t have to tell jokes on him.我们不必和他开玩笑。

  在对May I…? 作否定回答时用No, you mustn’t/can’t.

  eg. May l go to the movies? NO,You mustn't

  5.疑问式及回答不同。

  Must+主语+动词原形+…? Yes,主语+ must./NO,主语+needn’t.

  助动词+主语+have to+动词原形+…?

  Yes,主语+助动词./No,主语+助动词+not.

  eg.Must l go now? Yes,you must./NO,you needn’t

  Does she have to go to the doctor? Yes,she does./NO,she doesn’t.

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