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In summary, lack of manpower, shortage of water and decrease of farmland are the major problems to be solved. With only 7% of farmland, we already produce enough food for 22% of the world population. If we focus our attention on the solution of these problems, we will ensure that everyone has enough to eat.
根据提纲得知本文可按所给顺序写成三段。
第一段：说明当前粮食生产的状况。这种以present situation为开头段的段落，通常试题给出的opening sentence并不要求是topic sentence。这类短文的开头段属概述型，可采用的方法为概括—分析—总结。考生在第一段只需续写开头句，概括介绍当前的状况并点明文章主题即可。
第二段：即body paragraph,给出主题句：“There are at least three major problems in grain production”，然后运用事实(facts)借助first,second,finally这些连接信号词形成模块依次具体说明主题句中的three major problems。
第三段：按照提纲要求，先总结前面的内容，给出short summary,然后做了prediction。
(三)模拟练习（略）
二、写作模式2
(一)展示模式（以下表格见附样格式）
topic sentence
introduction supporting details
thesis statement
topic sentence(major point one)
body supporting details
topic sentence(major point two)
supporting details
conclusion Short summary
(二)试题举例
Title:Some Fire Hazards around Us
Opening sentence:Fires can be disastrous in our lives.
Outline:
1.Damage of fires.
2.Possible causes of fires:
1)Carelessness.
2)Unsafe electrical parts.
3.My comments.
参考范文：
Some Fire Hazards Around Us
Fires can be disastrous in our lives.In the shocking fire in Kelamayi,hundreds of people were killed or injured;most of them were children.The big fires occurring recently have revealed that there still exist too many fire hazards around us.
Carelessness is a leading cause of fires. One kind of carelessness is simply the mishandling of small flames.Throwing a burning match or cigarette butts into a wastebasket,placing a lighted candle near curtains,playing with fireworks,or failing to screen a flaming fire are foolish things to do.Another type of carelessness is the misuse of flammable liquids. Using gasoline to clean clothes in the house may lead to a bad fire.
Another fire hazard is the use of equipment with unsafe electrical parts.A worn or broken power cord,a damaged outlet,or wires which become overheated when trying to supply enough power for too many appliances should be replaced.
Therefore,the abuse of electrical devices and personal negligence are the main hazards.Prevention is better than cure.If all these hidden fire hazards are completely removed and all possible precautions are taken against fire,no fires may occur anymore.
本文开头段属段首主题句型：可采用的写法为：主题句—扩展句—结尾句；可把提纲提示分三段(或四段)来写作。因中间段包括carelessness和unsafe electrical parts两部分内容，可以把它们统一在一个自然段中，亦可分二段分别表达。
模式2适合这种开头便给出关键词的短文，一般所给出的opening sentence就是第一段的主题句。这篇短文提纲第一部分要求考生写出damage of fires，其中damage就是一个关键词，可直接采用，也可作为主题内容体现在段首的主题句中，然后在段落中用细节进一步解释与说明，不能只泛泛采用概括介绍的写法。如Fire can be disastrous in our lives中的disastrous就体现了提纲中的含义，但尚需具体说明。文中随后用事实举例，证明火灾确实是人们生活中的灾害。第一段举例说明主题句后，在段尾引出限制主题句“…there still exist too many fire hazards around us”。
第二段主题句Carelessness is a leading cause of fires 指出了造成火灾的第一个原因。第三段主题句Another fire hazard is the use of equipment with unsafe electrical parts 说明了火灾隐患的另一主要原因。结尾进行总结并写出comments。
中间段视要点多少可分为一段或几段；有时在段首句作文中还会出现开头、中间、结尾段全以topic sentence的形式开首，因此具体写法还需认真审题，根据题目要求决定。(此种类型的作文可参看附录1中1991年、1994年、1996年试题)
(三)模拟练习（略）
三、写作模式3
(一)展示模式（以下表格见附样格式）
无论是前面两种类型还是其他形式的短文都可运用模式3来组织内容。这种模式的特点在于结构紧凑、层次分明。开头段与结尾段彼此紧密呼应。它是英、美、加拿大等国学生所惯用的成文方式之一。通过结尾段对前面内容的简要总结可提醒读者文中所说明的要点(major point one, major point two, etc.)或所提供的主要事例(first, second, etc.)。这种方法尤其适用于三段至五段式短文。
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