12-20 22:51:13 浏览次数:954次 栏目：高一英语语法
☆单词聚焦☆
1. advance的用法
▲构词：advanced adj. 高等的.先进的，高深的
▲搭配：
① in advance 在前头，预先，事先
② in advance of 在……前面;比……进步;超过
③ on the advance (物价)在上涨
【考例】It is said that Miss White had some difficulty in studying the ____ maths.
A. improved B. developed C. advanced D. increased
[考查目标] 本题考查形容词advanced与近义词的区别。
[答案与解析]C “高等数学”的英译是advanced maths，advanced意思是“先进的。高级的”。
2. before 的特殊用法
(1) He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我还没来得及拦住他，他就跑出了屋子。
(2) Three weeks went by before We knew it. 三周过去了，我们才意识到。(或：时间不知不觉已过三周了。)
(3) It wasn‘t / didn‘t take long before he returned.他没过多久就回来了。
It won‘t be long before we graduate. 不要过多久我们就要毕业了。
3. chance的用法
▲搭配：
① by any chance 万一，碰巧，或许
② by chance 偶然，意外地
③ take a / one‘s chance 冒一冒险，碰碰运气，利用一下机会
【考例6】 (2005南京模拟)Most of the ___are in seasonal work， mainly connected with tourism and agriculture.
A. work B. luck C. chances D. services
[考查目标] chance的词义。
[答案与解析] C chance在本句的词义是“机会”。
4. consider v.
(1) 考虑
A) consider + n. / doing
I consider going abroad.
B) consider + 疑问词 + to do
You have to consider what to do next.
(2) 认为
A) consider + n. (+as / to be) + n. / adj.
I consider Mary as / to be my best friend.
They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country.
B) consider + n. + to have done
I consider him to have acted disgracefully.
除了consider…as…表认为外，还有regard…as
…，look on…as…，take…as…，think of…as…
5. cost的用法
▲ 构词：costly adj. 昂贵的，贵重的
▲ 搭配：
① cost sb. sth. 花费某人(多少钱);让某人付出(代价)/牺牲……
② at all costs 不惜任何代价.无论如何
③ at any cost 不惜任何代价，无论如何
④ at cost (price) 按成本价格，按原价
⑤ at the cost of 以……为代价，用……换来的;丧失;牺牲
【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would ____ them.
A. pay B. spend C. cost D. waste
[考查目标] 本题考查cost和它的几个近义词的区别。
[答案与解析] C cost的意思是“耗费”，主语是指物的
名词.而pay和spend等的主语是指人的名词。
6. effect n. 效果;作用
have an effect on sth.
His words had a great pushing effect on his students.
(1) be of no effect 无效
(2) come into effect 开始生效;开始实行
[比较] affect vt. 影响 The climate affected t he amount of the rainfall.
7. experience的用法
▲构词: experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的
▲搭配:
① by experience 凭经验;从经验中
② from experience 凭经验;从经验中
③ gain experience in… 获得……经验
④ be experienced in… 某方面有经验
▲友情提示: experience这个词作为可数名词用时，解释为“经历”，作为不可数名词用时解释为“经验”。
【考例】 (2005山西模拟) ____teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily formed.
A. Knowledge B. Teachers C. Experience D. Parents
[考查目标] experience的意思。
[答案与解析] C experience常为不可数名词，意思是“经验”。
8. fear n. & vt.
(1) n. 恐惧 (多作不可数名词)
His face was growing pale with fear.
忧虑;担心的事(可数)
There is no reason for your fears.
for fear of 由于怕……，以防
He left an hour earlier for fear of missing his train.
for fear (that) 惟恐;怕的是;以防
She worried for fear that the child would be hurt.
in fear of 害怕;担心
The thief was in fear of the police.
(2) v. 恐惧;害怕，接 n. / pron.
Cats fear big dogs.
恐惧;害怕，接to do
Don‘t fear to tell the truth.
恐怕;担心，接从句
She feared that she might not find him in his room.
▲构词：fearful adj. 可怕的，严重的;惧怕的，胆怯的;担心的，忧虑的 fearless adj. 不怕的，大胆的，勇敢的，无畏的
▲搭配：
① be in fear (of) (为……而)提心吊胆
② for fear of 因为怕;以免，怕的是
③ for fear that-clause 生怕;为了防止(某事发生)
④ have a fear that-clause 担心/怕(发生某事)
⑤ with fear 吓得，怕得
⑥ fear (vi.) for... 担心/忧虑……
【考例】(2004江苏)He got to the station early， ____ missing his train.
A. in case of B. instead of
C. for fear of D. in search
[考查目标] fear构成的短语的用法和意思。
[答案与解析]C for fear of 常在句中作状语，意思是 “怕的是……。担心……”。
9. fun n. 高兴;乐趣;有趣的人或事
(1) for fun 为了高兴;为着好玩
I only did it for fun.
(2) make fun of 开……的玩笑;取笑
It is wrong to make fun of a cripple.
[比较]
(1) laugh at 笑(某人);嘲笑
It‘s unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.
(2) play a joke on 开(某人的)玩笑
10. means n. 手段;办法
(1) by means of 用……;依靠……
The water may be carried by means of a pipe.
(2) by all means 一定;务必;(表示同意)当然可以，没问题：务必，无论如何，千方百计地
Try by all / every means to persuade him to come.
(3) by no means 完全不是;一点也不;决不
This is by no means the first time you have been late.
还有： by this means 用这种方法; by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段
【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them- selves by ____ of evening job.
A. ways B. offers C. means D.helps
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